Arthritis pain is joint pain, stiffness, and swelling caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, and post-traumatic arthritis. It is one of the most common health problems in adults, and it often affects the knees, hips, hands, shoulders, and spine. Board-certified pain specialists at California Pain Consultants in San Diego diagnose arthritis pain and coordinate treatment that protects movement and daily function.
It might feel like stiffness in the morning. A slight ache in your knees after walking. A discomfort in your hands when gripping objects. At first, it may seem like something small—something you can push through. But over time, that stiffness can last longer. The ache can become more noticeable. Simple movements—standing up, walking, opening a jar, or climbing stairs—can begin to feel more difficult. You may find yourself slowing down, avoiding certain activities, or wondering why your body doesn’t feel the same as it used to.
Arthritis is a broad term for conditions that affect joints. Because osteoarthritis, autoimmune arthritis, gout, and post-traumatic arthritis require different care, an accurate diagnosis comes first.
What Is Arthritis?
Arthritis is not a single condition—it is a term used to describe inflammation and degeneration of the joints.
Joints are where two bones meet, allowing movement. They are supported by:
- Cartilage (a smooth surface that cushions bones)
- Synovial fluid (lubricates the joint)
- Ligaments and tendons
When these structures are affected, it can lead to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility.
There are over 100 types of arthritis, but the most common include:
- Osteoarthritis (OA)
- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
- Post-traumatic arthritis
How Common Arthritis Is
Arthritis is among the most widespread chronic conditions in the United States. During 2019 to 2021, 21.2 percent of U.S. adults, about 53.2 million people, reported diagnosed arthritis, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Osteoarthritis alone affects about 33 million U.S. adults and is common in adults 45 and older, the CDC reports.
How Arthritis Pain Feels
Arthritis pain can vary from person to person, but there are common patterns.
You may experience:
- Dull, aching pain in the joints
- Stiffness, especially in the morning or after inactivity
- Swelling or inflammation
- Reduced range of motion
- A feeling of grinding or clicking in the joint
Pain may affect:
- Knees
- Hips
- Hands
- Shoulders
- Spine
Some days may feel manageable, while others may feel more difficult—this is often referred to as a “flare-up.”
Types of Arthritis and Their Causes
Osteoarthritis (Wear-And-Tear Arthritis)
This is the most common type. It occurs when cartilage gradually wears down over time. Common causes include:
- Aging
- Repetitive stress
- Joint injury
- Genetics
Rheumatoid Arthritis (Autoimmune Arthritis)
RA occurs when the immune system attacks the joint lining. Symptoms may include:
- Joint swelling
- Warmth
- Symmetrical pain (both sides of the body)
Post-Traumatic Arthritis
Develops after an injury to a joint, such as a fracture, ligament tear, or dislocation.
Other Types
- Psoriatic arthritis
- Gout
- Ankylosing spondylitis
Risk Factors
Factors that may raise the chance of developing arthritis or make it more painful include:
- Older age
- Prior joint injury or surgery
- Repetitive joint loading at work or in sports
- Excess body weight, which increases the load on knees and hips
- Family history and autoimmune conditions
Why Arthritis Causes Pain
Pain in arthritis comes from several factors:
Cartilage Breakdown
As cartilage thins, the joint loses its cushioning, and bone surfaces can rub against each other.
Inflammation
Swelling in the joint increases pressure and discomfort.
Joint Instability
Damage to supporting structures affects movement.
Nerve Sensitivity
Chronic pain can increase nerve sensitivity over time.
Diagnosing Arthritis
Medical History
Your provider will ask about:
- Symptoms and duration
- Activity levels
- Previous injuries
Physical Examination
- Joint movement
- Swelling
- Tenderness
Imaging Studies
- X-rays to assess joint damage
- MRI for detailed soft tissue evaluation
Laboratory Tests
Used to identify inflammatory or autoimmune arthritis.
Conservative Treatments
Arthritis treatment focuses on reducing pain, improving function, and slowing progression.
Physical Therapy
Helps:
- Strengthen muscles
- Improve joint stability
- Increase flexibility
Medications
- Anti-inflammatory drugs
- Pain relievers
- Disease-modifying drugs (for RA)
Lifestyle Modifications
- Weight management
- Activity adjustments
- Joint protection techniques
Heat and Cold Therapy
- Heat for stiffness
- Ice for swelling
Interventional Pain Management
Joint Injections
Joint injections deliver medication directly into the joint.
Corticosteroid Injections
May provide temporary symptom relief for selected patients. According to OrthoInfo from the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, a cortisone shot takes a few days to take effect, and providers often set a practical limit of 3 to 4 shots per year.
Hyaluronic Acid Injections
Are used in selected knee osteoarthritis cases, and individual response varies. Learn more about gel injections for the knee.
Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA)
Radiofrequency ablation targets nerves to provide longer-lasting pain relief.
Preventing and Managing Arthritis Pain
Stay Active
Movement helps maintain joint health.
Strengthen Muscles
Supports joints and reduces stress.
Maintain a Healthy Weight
Reduces pressure on joints.
Protect Your Joints
Use proper techniques during activities.
The Emotional Impact of Arthritis
Arthritis can affect your independence and lifestyle.
You may feel:
- Frustrated
- Limited
- Concerned about the future
Living with Arthritis: Practical Tips
- Pace your activities
- Use assistive devices if needed
- Stay consistent with treatment
- Listen to your body
When Joint Pain Needs Prompt Evaluation
Seek prompt medical evaluation for the following symptoms:
- A hot, red, intensely painful joint
- Joint pain with fever or feeling acutely ill
- Inability to use a joint after an injury
- New weakness, numbness, or rapidly increasing swelling
Call 911 for a life-threatening emergency. This list is not exhaustive; when symptoms feel severe or rapidly worsen, seek urgent care.
When to See a Pain Specialist
A pain specialist visit may help when joint pain lasts more than a few weeks, wakes you at night, limits walking or stairs, or keeps returning despite exercise, weight management, and over-the-counter medication. It is also worth an evaluation when you want to explore injection options before considering joint surgery.
Protect Movement and Daily Function
California Pain Consultants can help evaluate persistent arthritis pain and coordinate a plan that supports safer movement, symptom control, and the activities that matter to you.
Treatment at California Pain Consultants
Your care team at California Pain Consultants treats arthritis pain across San Diego County, with clinics in Kearny Mesa, Rancho Bernardo, La Mesa, and Chula Vista. Your visit includes a review of your symptoms, examination, and imaging, and a plan that combines movement, medication safety, and targeted procedures when they fit your diagnosis. We accept most insurances. Call (858) 571-3630 to book your appointment.
Book Your AppointmentTrusted Information and Related Care
Medical reference: NIAMS: Arthritis. Related California Pain resources: Osteoarthritis · Conditions and treatments · Schedule an appointment. This article is for general education and does not replace an individualized medical evaluation. Treatment recommendations depend on diagnosis, health history, current medications, and personal goals.
If you’re living with arthritis pain, please request your appointment today. Just because this condition is one of the most common health conditions adults experience, that doesn’t mean that you have to live with it in pain. The California Pain Consultants team at our Kearny Mesa, Rancho Bernardo, La Mesa and Chula Vista clinics can help to determine your specific type of arthritis and recommend the best treatment options to help you manage the effects of arthritis and keep you enjoying the activities you love.
Your comprehensive treatment plan is designed to help you reduce pain and get back into a healthy, active life.
At California Pain Consultants, we know that you want to get back to living a pain-free life. To do that you need a pain management team you can trust. The problem is there are so many pain clinics that do not listen to you and treat you like a statistic which makes you feel frustrated.
We understand your pain and suffering. We believe you should be treated the way we would treat our own mom or dad — it’s how we care for every patient.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the most common type of arthritis?
Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis. It develops as the cartilage that cushions the ends of bones gradually wears down, and it most often affects the knees, hips, hands, and spine. The CDC estimates that about 33 million U.S. adults have osteoarthritis, and it is common in adults 45 and older.
How do I know if my joint pain is arthritis?
Arthritis often causes aching, stiffness after rest or in the morning, swelling, and reduced range of motion. A diagnosis is made with a history, examination, imaging such as x-rays, and sometimes blood tests to look for inflammatory or autoimmune arthritis. Because other problems can mimic arthritis, an evaluation helps confirm the cause before treatment.
How long does a cortisone shot for arthritis last?
Relief from a cortisone shot varies. OrthoInfo notes that it takes a few days to take effect and can last for several weeks, and some people get longer relief. Because repeated steroid exposure carries risks, providers often set a practical limit of 3 to 4 shots per year. Your clinician will explain what to expect for your joint.
Can arthritis pain be treated without surgery?
Yes, many people manage arthritis pain without surgery. Physical therapy, weight management, activity changes, medication, joint injections, gel injections for selected knees, and radiofrequency ablation may all play a role. Surgery may be discussed when pain and function remain poor despite these measures. The right combination depends on your diagnosis and goals.
Does exercise make arthritis worse?
For most people, appropriate exercise helps arthritis rather than worsening it. Regular movement supports joint health, and stronger muscles reduce stress on joints. The key is choosing activities that match your joints, such as walking, cycling, or water exercise, and increasing gradually. A physical therapist or your care team can tailor a program to you.
When should I see a pain specialist for arthritis?
See a pain specialist when arthritis pain persists for weeks, disrupts sleep, limits walking or daily tasks, or keeps returning despite home care. A specialist can confirm the source of pain and discuss options such as joint injections or nerve-targeted treatment. A hot, red, very painful joint or joint pain with fever needs urgent care.